Séminaires

PDH (T1, T3) and SONET/SDH Course description Course outline : Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy T1 Testing E1 Frame and Properties E1 Testing DS-3 Frames and Properties DS-3 Testing PDH Network Architecture Synchronization Standards SONET Multiplexing Structure Synchronous Digital Hierarchy SDH Alarms Course description This course will provide a detailed understanding of the Plesiochronous digital hierarchy standards as being used in Europe in the digital transmission multiplexing equipment. The emphasis is particularly made in the testing requirements, the features of testing equipment, and the protocols. The Synchronous digital hierarchy as developed by the ITU-T is also covered and the North American SONET implementation of it is analysis in order to obtain a better insight of the complexity of this new technology. Course outline Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy PCM Review PDH Multiplexing Structures Bell System Hierarchy ITU-T PDH Hierarchy Transmission Media Network Performance Standards OOS and IS Measurements ITU-T G.821 Digital transmission performance standards ITU-T M.2100 T1 Frames and Properties T1 Signal One Density Rule Line Codes AMI Line Code Ones Density Problem T1 Testing T1 Interface Setup T1 Operating Modes T1 Loops & Idle Codes Intelligent Loop Codes Roundtrip Delay Measurement Understanding Fireberd Alarms Analyzing Test Results Analyzing Results E1 Frame and Properties E1 Signal HDB3 E1 Frame Format Multiframe Structure Office Equipment: DACS PDH Network Summary PDH Tests & Diagnostics PDH Performance Parameters Test Results Error Based Time Measurements E1 Testing E1 Interface Setup E1 Test Access Setup E1 Result Interpretation E1 Bit Error Rate Test DS-3 Frames and Properties DS-3 Multiplexing Multiplexer Interleave DS-2 Frame DS-2 Overhead Bits DS-3 Frame DS-3 M13 Frame Overhead Bits DS-3 Testing DS-3 OOS Test Results PDH Network Architecture) Customer Equipment: TDM Customer Equipment: NTE Loop Equipment: NIU & LR Office Equipment Simplex Powered Loop Office Equipment: DSX Office Equipment: DACS Timeslot Interconnection Fractional E1 Service A to u Law Conversion T1 Transmission on E1 Grooming & Segregation Nx64k Test Access Synchronization Standards Pleisiochronous Operation Synchronization Concepts Justification Justification Causes Jitter Master Slave Topologies Clock Slips Slip Confusion! Pattern Slips & Timing Slips 2Mbps Timing Slips Slip Rate ITU-T G.822 Synchronization Concepts Synchronization Concepts – WANDER Synchronization Performance Standard Jitter Measurements SONET Multiplexing Structure Synchronous Signal Structure Synchronous Transport Frame SONET Networking Principle SONET STS-1 Frame Structure SONET STS-3 Frame Structure SONET Signal Hierarchy and Line Rates SONET Line Interfaces SONET STS-1 Frame Structure STS-1 Synchronous Payload Envelope SPE Assembly Process SPE Disassembly Process Desynchronization Virtual Tributaries (VTs) Different Sizes of Virtual Tributary Frames VT1.5 Packaged STS-1 SPE Virtual Tributary Structure VT Operation Modes Concatenation SONET STS-3 Concatenated SPE Embedded Overhead Capabilities SONET Network Spans STS-1 Overhead Areas Definition of SONET Network Path Overhead Functions Path Overhead Bytes Highlighted Line Overhead Functions Path Overhead Bytes Highlighted Representative Location of SPE in STS-1 Frame STS-1 Pointer Adjustment Section Overhead Functions Section Overhead Bytes Highlighted Synchronous Digital Hierarchy SDH G.707, G. 708, G. 709 Definitions SDH Multiplexing Structure Multiplexing method from C-1 using AU-4 Multiplexing method from C-1 using AU-3 Multiplexing method from C-1 using AU-3 Multiplexing method from C-1 using AU-4 STM-N Frame Structure Administrative Unit in the STM-1 Frame Two Stage Multiplex Interconnection of STM-N Overhead Types SOH Bytes Location Regenerator Section Overhead Multiplexer Section Overhead Numbering of SOH Byte Locations STM-4 SOH Multiplexing of N AUGs into STM-N Multiplexing of AU-4s via AUG Multiplexing of AU 3s via AUG Multiplexing of three TUG-3s int a VI-4 Multiplexing of a TU-3 via a TUG-3 Multiplexing of seven TUG-2s via a TUG-3 Pointers AU-4 Pointer Offset Numbering AU-3 Pointer Offset Numbering AU/TU-3 Pointer (H1, H2, H3) Coding AU-4 Pointer Adjustment Operation – Positive Justification AU-4 Pointer Adjustment Operation – Negative Justification SDH Alarms General Functional Block Diagram Definitions In Service Maintenance SDH Alarms SDH Testing STM-1 Frame Alarms STM-1 Loss of Signal STM-1 Loss of Frame MS AIS MS REI (FERF) Excessive BER